Navigating the Post-Trump Tariff Refund Landscape: Expert Advice from Michelle Schulz Dallas Trade Law Expert Explains How Companies Can Secure Refunds on Unconstitutional Duties Overview:   The international trade world recently experienced a seismic shift. With the Supreme Court deeming significant portions of the Trump administration’s tariff policies void, thousands of U.S. companies may now be eligible for substantial refunds. However, reclaiming those tariff refunds isn't as simple as sending an invoice to the government. Feb 20, 2026 Your Money Now Compass Networks Host: Dan Loney In a recent interview on Your Money Now , Michelle Schulz , founder of Schulz Trade Law  and a leading expert in international trade litigation, laid out the roadmap for businesses looking to recover their duty payments. The Path to Recovery: Precision and Compliance As Schulz points out, the burden of proof rests entirely on the importer. When the stakes involve federal refunds, the government’s scrutiny is at an all-time high. "It's very important to dot your i's and cross your t's in this situation where you're asking for money back," Schulz noted. To successfully navigate this process, Schulz identifies two critical pillars for any recovery strategy: Deep-Dive Import Compliance:  Before filing a claim, companies must ensure their entire import history is beyond reproach. Any existing compliance gaps could not only jeopardize a refund but potentially trigger an unwanted audit. Granular Duty Calculation:  Understanding exactly how your duties were calculated—and where the specific voided policies applied—is essential. Accuracy in these technical calculations is the difference between a successful claim and a rejected one. Don't Leave Money on the Table The complexity of trade law means that many companies may not even realize the full extent of the refunds they are owed. The transition from policy to litigation to actual recovery requires a meticulous, legally-sound approach. Take Action: Secure Your Trade Audit Today Is your business positioned to recover its miscalculated duties? Don't let administrative complexity stand between your company and its rightful capital. Contact Schulz Trade Law  to schedule a comprehensive tariff recovery consultation. Our team of experts will help you audit your compliance, recalculate your duties, and ensure every "i" is dotted and every "t" is crossed. Schedule your consultation and protect your bottom line.

Updates on (Automation) Updates: CBP Electronic Refunds and Electronically Submitted VSDs Ashlyn Koenig Smith, Schulz Trade Law PLLC updated: Feb 20, 2026 Download this Article In the fast-paced world of International Trade, companies must stay informed about the latest updates to the multitude of rules and regulations to avoid delays, fines, and penalties that hinder business. This article will cover recent changes to automation concerning U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s (CBP) new electronic refund process, and Voluntary Self-Disclosures (VSDs). It will highlight what you need to know about these changes and who needs to take action to keep your business up to date. Schulz Trade Law offers a library of Trade Law Resources.   Electronic Refunds Update On February 20th, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that President Trump could not use emergency powers to impose tariffs. This could lead to substantial refunds on tariffs paid since President Trump dubbed “Liberation Day.” While the refund process may be lengthy, CBP’s recent update on electronic refunds is meant to make it smoother. Beginning February 6th, 2026, CBP will issue all refunds electronically via Automated Clearing House (ACH). [1] You must ensure you are enrolled in the Electronic Refund system, as it is now up-and-running. If you currently receive ACH refunds: You don’t have to reenroll, but you should double-check that your information is accurate. If you don’t already receive electronic refunds via ACH: You must register for an Automated Commercial Environment Secure Data Portal (ACE Portal) to receive electronic refunds. Click here  for further information. If you don’t have a CBP Form 5106 on file, you must submit a CBP Form 5106 or have a customs broker submit an electronic CBP Form 5106. If you have a CBP Form 5106 on file, you must submit the modernized application webform. If you have a current CBP Form 4811 on file that authorizes a broker to receive refunds: You should ensure that the “4811 notify party” permits the broker to receive ACH refunds. Effective February 6, 2026. If you need to add or modify a notify party , use the recently updated CBP Form 4811 . The previous version of the form is no longer accepted. You can find the new form here  by searching for the form number. CBP also notes that the bank you direct your refunds to must be able to process FedACH payments. For more information about electronic refunds, visit  here .   Voluntary Self-Disclosures (VSDs) Updates On February 6, 2026, the Office of Foreign Assets Control ( OFAC ) launched a new portal for VSDs that is up and running. [2] To view the OFAC's new portal and learn more, visit this website . Additionally, since January, 2024, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) has encouraged VSDs pertaining to violations of the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) to be submitted via email. [3]  This process differs from the online portal SNAP-R, which only handles export and import licensing pertaining to commodities, software, technology, and activities subject to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), 15 C.F.R. parts 730-774. While neither agency requires electronic submission of VSDs, they are highly encouraged over paper submission as they streamline the entire process, making it easier for their users. In short, CBP's recent switch to electronic refunds and automation updates to VSDs is meant to ease the trading process. However, businesses must stay up-to-date about such changes for maximum efficiency. Ready to update your compliance strategies with the latest CBP automation changes? For further assistance in navigating the vast complexities of international trade law, contact  expert attorneys at Schulz Trade Law . [1]  U.S Customs and Border Protection, 91 FR 21, (2025). [2]  U.S Department of the Treasury, Launch of Voluntary Self-Disclosure Portal,  (2026), https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USTREAS/bulletinsthe/4082377 . [3]  U.S. Department of Commerce, Assistant Secretary for Export Enforcement, Memorandum for All Export Enforcement Officials , Washington D.C., (2024). Resource Library Learn more about Trade Law. We have a series of articles highlighting the key components of international trade and compliance. Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.

SCOTUS Strikes Down Global Tariffs: What Importers Need to Know Now Navigating the Path to Refunds in the Wake of the Supreme Court’s Landmark Decision The landscape of international trade shifted dramatically this past Friday. In a long-awaited ruling, the Supreme Court of the United States struck down the majority of President Trump’s global tariffs . While the decision brings a wave of optimism to the trade community, the road to financial recovery is paved with complex administrative hurdles. Feb 20, 2026 This Morning with Gordon Deal Host: Gordon Deal Michelle Schulz , International Trade Attorney and founder of Schulz Trade Law, joined This Morning with Gordon Deal  to break down the ruling and provide a roadmap for businesses seeking to reclaim their funds. Immediate Impact vs. Long-term Recovery While the collection of these tariffs was expected to cease immediately following the Friday ruling, the refund process is far from instantaneous. Schulz warns that while the legal victory is significant, the logistics of returning capital to businesses will be "a bit of a chaotic process". "The collection of tariffs should stop immediately. However, refunds are going to be a different story... I think it’s going to be months, if not longer."  — Michelle Schulz The Digital Hurdles of the Automated Commercial Environment Refunds will be processed electronically through the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) . For importers, this means technical readiness is just as important as legal standing. Businesses must ensure they are properly registered and that their import data is meticulously organized to facilitate claims. "Importers need to be set up in the electronic system and ready to go with their claims. It’s not always easy from a techie perspective—you have to do your homework there."  — Michelle Schulz Avoiding the "Defensive": Record Keeping and Compliance With Customs currently in a high-enforcement mode, Schulz emphasizes that "getting your ducks in a row" is a matter of survival, not just administration. Customs requires a five-year record-keeping period , and any gaps in documentation could lead to seizures or penalties rather than refunds. "If you are not prepared and if you don’t have five years of import records, you could find yourself on the defensive."  — Michelle Schulz Get Started on Your Refund Claim Today The Supreme Court has opened the door, but it is up to your business to walk through it with the right data and legal strategy. At Schulz Trade Law , we are currently auditing import data for our clients to calculate exact owed amounts and file proper claims. Don't leave your capital in the government's hands.   Contact Schulz Trade Law today to ensure your records are compliant and your refund claims are filed accurately. Trade on, but trade informed! Subscribe  to Schulz Trade Law for more updates.

Greenland, Europe, and the Risk of a Trade War Understanding the Implications of Tariff Threats Michelle Schulz explains why tariff threats tied to Greenland could trigger EU retaliation—and what that means for U.S. companies. In an interview on KLIF Radio in Dallas–Fort Worth, Michelle Schulz, founder and managing partner of Schulz Trade Law, addressed escalating tensions between the United States and Europe. These tensions have arisen following renewed tariff threats connected to Greenland. The European Union is openly discussing the use of its so-called “economic bazooka.” Michelle outlined how trade disputes are rapidly turning into geopolitical flashpoints. This shift has serious consequences for U.S. businesses, exporters, and global trust. How Greenland Sparked a New Trade Flashpoint The latest controversy stems from proposed U.S. tariffs—reportedly around 10%—on goods from several European countries. This follows their opposition to U.S. control over Greenland. Michelle warned that this rhetoric has significantly escalated tensions. “Yes, I believe it certainly could [lead to a trade war]. We’re hearing from both sides—there’s a lot of tension.” According to Michelle, European officials view the proposed tariffs as punitive and coercive. This has prompted a coordinated response from EU leadership. “This latest round… has really upset the European Union, and we’re seeing officials coming together and trying to find a response.” The EU’s ‘Economic Bazooka’ and Retaliation Risk European leaders have openly discussed deploying their Anti-Coercion Instrument—sometimes referred to as the EU’s economic bazooka. This could authorize retaliatory measures totaling more than $100 billion. “It could be devastating. This would increase tariffs substantially on some of our biggest companies.” Michelle noted that retaliation would likely target emblematic U.S. industries and products. “Things like Boeing… bourbon—things that are typically U.S.—are going to be tariffed.” Unlike traditional tariffs, the EU’s response could extend beyond goods to include services. This makes the potential impact broader and more severe. Why Europe Is Taking Such a Hard Line Michelle explained that European leaders see the Greenland issue as a matter of sovereignty and international law—not negotiation tactics. “There’s no doubt that Greenland is a sovereign nation… there’s no right for one country to take over another country.” She emphasized that European institutions have framed the issue as a collective defense of international norms. “Whether it’s Ukraine, Greenland—anywhere—the European Union will stand together.” This unified stance raises the likelihood of retaliation rather than compromise. The Longer-Term Cost: Lost Trust and Business Flight Beyond immediate tariffs, Michelle warned that the greatest damage may already be occurring behind the scenes. “We’ve already lost their trust. We’re seeing companies leaving the U.S., not wanting to do business with us.” Even if tariff threats are later withdrawn, rebuilding credibility with European partners could take years. Companies may seek more stable jurisdictions for long-term investment. Strategic Planning for U.S. Businesses For importers, exporters, and multinational companies, the Greenland episode signals a new level of trade risk. Tariffs may be imposed rapidly, tied to political objectives, and met with coordinated international retaliation. Trade planning now requires not only legal compliance but also geopolitical awareness. Companies must stay informed about global developments. Understanding the implications of international relations is crucial for navigating this complex landscape. Conclusion: Preparing for Uncertainty As tensions rise, U.S. businesses must adapt to a shifting trade environment. The potential for a trade war over Greenland highlights the need for vigilance and strategic foresight. By anticipating challenges and understanding the geopolitical landscape, companies can better prepare for the future. The stakes are high, and the time to act is now. In this evolving scenario, trust and collaboration will be vital. U.S. businesses must strive to maintain strong relationships with their European counterparts. Only then can they hope to weather the storm of potential trade conflicts. The phrase "trade risks" encapsulates the essence of this situation, emphasizing the importance of strategic planning in uncertain times.

Jeans $10 More & Prices Soaring: 2026 Tariffs Crushing Small Biz & Trucking Suppliers Michelle Schulz Reveals How Current Tariffs Are Raising Prices and Challenging Small Businesses and Trucking Supply Chains Overview: In a timely SiriusXM Road Dog Trucking interview on February 17, 2026, Michelle Schulz of Schulz Trade Law in Dallas shares expert analysis on how current U.S. tariffs continue to raise prices on electronics, apparel, steel, aluminum and more. With over 23 years as a leading tariff attorney, Schulz discusses enforcement at the border, shifting rules, inventory headaches for manufacturers supplying the trucking industry, and practical compliance strategies every importer needs now. Feb 17, 2026 Road Dog Trucking SiriusXM Radio Host: Mark Willis Tariffs Driving Up Consumer Prices and Challenging Small Businesses Tariffs are no longer just headline news—they’re hitting wallets and bottom lines hard. Larger brands initially absorbed costs, but now companies like Columbia Sportswear and Levi Strauss are passing increases to consumers, with jeans rising $5–$10 and spring merchandise seeing high-single-digit hikes. Small businesses importing parts and components face the biggest squeeze because they cannot keep absorbing 25–50%+ duties on textiles, steel, aluminum or copper. “I believe the tariffs alone have a dramatic impact on the price of goods today, and I think that Columbia Sportswear is a great example, because they probably absorbed some of the tariffs in the beginning. And it’s been slow rolling, because there were companies that could absorb tariffs in the beginning, whereas the smaller ones usually couldn’t. We’re reaching a point where they’re saying, hey, well, we’re going to have to drive our prices up now, because nothing’s changed.” Expert Guidance on International Trade Compliance and Navigating Changing Rules Every product and every country of origin carries its own tariff rate under IEEPA, Section 232 and other authorities. Customs guidance keeps evolving, often stricter than original executive orders, leaving importers scrambling to classify goods correctly and avoid penalties. Michelle Schulz helps Dallas-area and nationwide companies stay compliant in the Automated Commercial Environment ( ACE ) system amid daily rule changes. “So I do international trade law, and I have done international trade for over 23 years. I help companies that import and export and help them to be compliant with US regulations. It can be very difficult with these tariffs, because there are different interpretations, and what I’m doing right now is helping companies navigate the different interpretations and the enforcement that’s pretty strong right now on those who don’t pay the tariffs correctly.” Border Enforcement, Cargo Holds & Trucking Industry Supply-Chain Impacts Customs is stepping up enforcement at every port of entry. Trucks must file accurate advanced manifest data or risk delays, while held cargo racks up daily storage fees with compound interest. Manufacturers supplying fasteners, fittings and components to freightliner, Volvo and other truck builders face inventory risk when rates change after entry, plus no de-minimis relief on many IEEPA tariffs. “They will hold on to the cargo and charge you storage fees, and those storage fees are subject to compound interest… we have quite a few clients who are in manufacturing and who are dealing with parts and components. And the problem with that is even there’s no de minimis on the IEEPA tariffs.”  If rising tariffs, border delays or compliance questions are affecting your imports, exports or trucking supply chain, get expert help today. Visit SchulzTradeLaw.com to download free resources and schedule a consultation . Protect your business—don’t navigate 2026 tariffs alone. Subscribe  to Schulz Trade Law for more updates.

Europe, Retaliation, and the Supreme Court Why Tariff Uncertainty Isn’t Going Away Michelle Schulz explains why a Supreme Court ruling won’t end tariffs—and what escalating trade tensions mean for consumers. In an interview on WBAP Radio in Dallas–Fort Worth, Michelle Schulz, founder and managing partner of Schulz Trade Law, discussed the growing complexity of U.S. tariff policy as the Supreme Court weighs the president’s authority to impose global tariffs. With potential new tariffs on European goods and retaliatory measures already being discussed abroad, Michelle outlined why consumers and businesses should prepare for continued volatility—regardless of how the Court rules. January 19, 2026 Morning News WBAP Radio, Fort Worth, TX What the Supreme Court Is Deciding —and What It Isn’t At the center of the case before the Supreme Court of the United States are the so-called Liberation Day  tariffs—baseline tariffs applied broadly under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA). “The Supreme Court has only been asked to decide on… these tariffs that are under the Emergency Economic Powers Act.” Michelle emphasized that the Court is not  ruling on every tariff currently in place. Even if the IEEPA tariffs are struck down, many others will remain. “There are other tariffs, though, that may still apply… like the steel and aluminum tariffs or the ones specific to copper and furniture.” Why a Tariff Is Not Just ‘a Tariff’ While tariffs may seem interchangeable, Michelle explained that they are imposed under very different legal authorities—each with its own rules and vulnerabilities. “That’s what you would think, right? A tariff’s a tariff—but they’re using all these different mechanisms.” Some tariffs are justified under national security statutes, others under unfair trade practice laws, and still others—like the IEEPA tariffs—under emergency powers. This layered approach means that even a loss at the Supreme Court would not eliminate tariffs as a policy tool. “Even if the IEEPA tariffs are shot down, we still will see the administration using backup plans.”  Europe, Retaliation, and the Consumer Impact Michelle also addressed the administration’s recent suggestion of imposing new tariffs on European goods—potentially around 10%—and the likely response from the EU. “Now the President is talking about 10% on European products, which would impact everything from cars to luxury goods.” She warned that Europe is already signaling strong retaliation, escalating the risk of a broader trade conflict. “The Europeans are going to fire back with their own… really strong tariff measures.”  For consumers, this means higher prices—especially for imported vehicles, specialty goods, and products sold by small and mid-sized businesses that lack the margin to absorb rising costs. “Small to medium-sized businesses can’t sustain these high taxes on everything they bring into the country.”  What This Means Going Forward Michelle made clear that even a favorable Supreme Court ruling would not bring immediate relief. Refunds could take time, new tariffs may follow under different statutes, and global retaliation could further drive up prices. Tariff policy, she noted, has become faster, more fragmented, and more unpredictable than in the past. Trade policy is no longer driven by economics alone. As tariffs become entwined with geopolitics, executive authority, and unresolved legal challenges, businesses must stay vigilant. Schulz Trade Law helps importers and global companies assess risk, navigate sudden policy shifts, and prepare for rapid changes in the trade landscape. Trade on, but trade informed! Subscribe  to Schulz Trade Law for more updates.

Tariffs, Geopolitics, and Greenland When Trade Policy Becomes a Pressure Tool Michelle Schulz weighs in on tariff threats tied to national security claims—and what they signal for global trade. In a KNX Radio news segment out of Los Angeles, Michelle Schulz, founder and managing partner of Schulz Trade Law, commented on a surprising escalation in tariff rhetoric: the suggestion that the United States could impose tariffs on countries that resist U.S. demands related to Greenland. The remarks come amid continued uncertainty over the Supreme Court’s pending decision on the legality of the president’s global tariffs, highlighting how trade policy is increasingly entangled with geopolitics and executive power. January 12, 2026 KNX Radio Los Angeles, CA Tariffs as a Geopolitical Lever Schulz explained that the president’s comments immediately triggered a diplomatic fallout, prompting lawmakers to intervene to de-escalate tensions. “This statement really caused an uproar on both sides of the aisle.”  According to Michelle, a group of U.S. senators traveled to Copenhagen to calm the situation, but discussions fell short of a resolution. “They agreed to have a working group, but we are still very much at odds.” The episode underscores that tariffs are no longer framed solely as economic tools but are increasingly seen as instruments of foreign policy and leverage. National Security Claims and Legal Fragility The tariff threat was framed around national security, despite the U.S. already maintaining a military presence in Greenland. Michelle noted that this argument closely parallels the broader legal debate currently before the Supreme Court of the United States. “It continues to get pushed out, which makes some people think they may be more likely to rule in the President’s favor.”  However, Michelle cautioned against assuming delay signals approval. “I still think it’s less likely because of the way the laws are written.”  Her remarks reinforce a consistent theme across recent interviews: while tariff authority has expanded in practice, its legal foundation remains vulnerable. What This Signals for Businesses and Trade Partners For importers and multinational companies, the Greenland episode is less about the island itself and more about precedent. If tariffs can be threatened—or imposed—as leverage in unrelated geopolitical disputes, trade risk becomes harder to predict and price. The lack of clarity around both diplomatic outcomes and judicial review amplifies uncertainty, particularly for companies operating across borders or dependent on stable supply chains. Trade policy is no longer driven by economics alone. As tariffs become entwined with geopolitics, executive authority, and unresolved legal challenges, businesses must stay vigilant. Schulz Trade Law helps importers and global companies assess risk, navigate sudden policy shifts, and prepare for rapid changes in the trade landscape. Trade on, but trade informed! Subscribe  to Schulz Trade Law for more updates.

Supreme Court Decision Looms: Billions in Tariff Refunds—and What Happens Next Michelle Schulz explains what’s at stake in the Supreme Court’s pending tariff ruling and how refunds could affect prices. In a follow-up appearance on KXYL Radio , Michelle Schulz, founder and managing partner of Schulz Trade Law , discussed the Supreme Court’s expected ruling on the president’s global “Liberation Day” tariffs. With baseline tariffs affecting nearly every imported product—and billions of dollars already collected—the Court’s decision could trigger widespread refunds, price shifts, and yet another phase of trade-policy uncertainty. January 12, 2026 KXYL Radio Brownwood/Coleman, TX What’s at Stake in the Supreme Court Ruling At the center of the case are the so-called Liberation Day tariffs—baseline 10% tariffs applied broadly to imports from almost every country. “There is a lot at stake… it looks like billions of dollars at stake here for us importers.”  Michelle explained that if the Supreme Court rules in favor of importers, those who paid these tariffs would be entitled to refunds. Because the tariffs apply so broadly, the financial implications extend across nearly every sector of the economy. The Rush to Be First in Line for Refunds Anticipating a favorable ruling, major importers—including Costco—have already filed lawsuits to protect their position in what could become a massive refund process. “A lot of them are saying, ‘I want a refund, and I want to be first in line.’”  Michelle noted that refunds will likely be processed electronically, requiring companies to have accurate import data ready to submit. Even if refunds are ordered immediately, however, the real-world process may be slow. “The refunds should go into effect immediately, but the implementation will take a while… it could be months, if not years.”  What Refunds Could Mean for Consumers For consumers, the outcome matters because current tariffs are directly inflating retail prices. “We have increased tariffs on pretty much anything you might buy at a store like Costco… increasing prices up to 17% on average.”  If importers receive refunds, Michelle expects price relief to follow—at least for goods affected by the challenged tariffs. “If Costco wins, then I believe they will be bringing their prices back down.”  Why Some Tariffs Will Stay No Matter What Not all tariffs are part of the Supreme Court case. Michelle emphasized that sector-specific tariffs—such as those on steel, aluminum, lumber, furniture, and copper—are imposed under different legal authorities and will remain in place regardless of the ruling. “Those sector-specific tariffs are going to stay in place… they’re under a completely different set of rules.”  Even if the Court strikes down the baseline tariffs, the president retains other statutory tools to impose duties, including national security investigations and unfair trade practice laws. “Yes, the other statutes… will all still be available to the President.”  What Comes Next: Executive Orders and New Investigations Michelle warned that trade policy has become increasingly fluid, with frequent executive orders and agency notices replacing slower, more formal processes. “We’re seeing change all the time, and sometimes it’s not as formal.” She highlighted semiconductors as a key area to watch, noting ongoing investigations and growing U.S. manufacturing investment—particularly in Texas—which could lead to new tariffs under national security frameworks. Whether tariffs are refunded, upheld, or reimposed under new authority, uncertainty remains the defining feature of today’s trade environment. Schulz Trade Law helps importers prepare for refunds, navigate executive-order changes, and ensure tariff compliance in real time. Trade on, but trade informed! Subscribe  to Schulz Trade Law for more updates.

Supreme Court Weighs Tariff Authority: What a Ruling Could Mean for Importers Michelle Schulz explains the legal limits of presidential tariff power and what businesses should prepare for now. On This Morning with Gordon Deal , Michelle Schulz , founder and managing partner of Schulz Trade Law, joined the program as the U.S. Supreme Court prepared to issue a potential ruling on the legality of President Trump’s global tariffs. At the center of the case is a fundamental question: can the president impose sweeping tariffs unilaterally under emergency powers, or does that authority rest with Congress? Michelle outlined the legal stakes, possible outcomes, and why importers should focus on what they can control amid uncertainty January 9, 2026 This Morning with Gordon Deal Host: Gordon Deal What the Supreme Court Is Really Deciding Michelle explained that the case hinges on the president’s use of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), a statute traditionally used for export controls and national security—not taxation. “The main question is whether the President has the authority to impose tariffs unilaterally, without Congress, in an emergency situation—and whether this is actually an emergency.”  While the administration argues that trade deficits qualify as an emergency, Michelle noted that the Supreme Court has expressed skepticism, questioning whether this interpretation grants the executive branch power that cannot be meaningfully restrained. “It was giving the President power that we can’t get back… and we should not authorize it.”   What Happens If the President Wins —or Loses If the Court sides with the administration, Michelle warned that importers hoping for refunds will be disappointed. “If the president wins, then all the folks who have been clamoring to prepare to get refunds will be out of luck.”  If the president loses, however, the implications are significant. U.S. Customs and Border Protection would be required to issue refunds for unlawfully collected duties—an enormous administrative task. “If the president loses, then Customs will have to issue refunds… you’re going to see a lot of people coming to Customs requesting refunds.”  Michelle noted that Customs has already begun updating its automated systems, potentially in anticipation of large-scale refund processing. Why a Loss Wouldn’t End Tariffs Altogether Even if the Supreme Court strikes down the IEEPA-based tariffs, Michelle cautioned that this would not mark the end of tariffs as a policy tool. The administration retains multiple alternative authorities. “He has other options, and he’s using those options already.” These include tariffs imposed under national security statutes (such as steel and aluminum) and unfair trade practice provisions like Section 301. New investigations—particularly into sectors such as semiconductors—could quickly lead to additional duties under different legal frameworks. What Importers Should Be Doing Right Now With outcomes uncertain, Michelle emphasized focusing on fundamentals that are fully within an importer’s control. “Make sure you have everything correct… getting your value and your tariff code correct is something you can be working on now to make sure you’re not overpaying by accident.”  Accurate classification, valuation, and compliance can prevent unnecessary overpayment regardless of how the Court rules. Whether tariffs are upheld, overturned, or reimposed under new authority, trade compliance mistakes can be costly. Schulz Trade Law helps importers navigate uncertainty, prepare for potential refunds, and ensure duties are calculated correctly in a rapidly changing trade environment. Contact us to learn how we can help. Trade on, but trade informed! Subscribe  to Schulz Trade Law for more updates.

In today's global marketplace, products often cross multiple borders before reaching consumers. This complexity makes understanding the legal aspects of origin crucial for businesses, regulators, and consumers alike. The origin of a product can affect tariffs, trade agreements, labeling requirements, and even consumer trust. This article explores the key legal considerations surrounding the origin of goods, providing practical insights and examples to help you navigate this intricate area. Schulz Trade Law offers Country of Origin services. Legal Aspects of Origin : Why They Matter The legal aspects of origin determine how a product is classified under international trade laws. This classification impacts duties, taxes, and compliance with trade agreements. For example, a product labeled as "Made in Country A" might benefit from lower tariffs under a free trade agreement between Country A and the importing country. Conversely, incorrect origin labeling can lead to penalties, fines, or even seizure of goods. Understanding these legal aspects involves several factors: Rules of Origin (RoO):   These are the criteria used to define where a product was made. They can be based on where the product was wholly obtained or where a substantial transformation occurred. Customs Compliance:   Customs authorities require accurate origin information to apply the correct tariffs and enforce trade policies. Labeling Requirements:   Many countries have strict rules about how the origin must be displayed on packaging and marketing materials. Trade Agreements:   Preferential trade agreements often include specific origin rules to qualify for reduced tariffs. Businesses must stay informed about these legal frameworks to avoid costly mistakes and to leverage trade benefits effectively. Customs officer checking product origin labels Key Legal Considerations in Determining Origin Determining the origin of a product is not always straightforward. Legal frameworks vary by country and product type, but some common principles apply: Wholly Obtained Products: These are products entirely produced or extracted in one country, such as minerals, agricultural products, or live animals. Substantial Transformation: If a product is made from materials sourced in multiple countries, the origin is usually the country where the last substantial transformation occurred. This means the place where the product underwent a significant manufacturing process that changed its nature or character. Value-Added Criteria: Some rules require that a certain percentage of the product's value must be added in the country claiming origin. Specific Processing Rules: Certain products have unique rules, such as textiles or electronics, which specify particular manufacturing steps that determine origin. For businesses, it is essential to document the production process and maintain records that prove compliance with these rules. Failure to do so can result in legal disputes or loss of preferential tariff treatment. What is an example of country of origin? Example: Consider a pair of shoes assembled in Country B using leather sourced from Country A and rubber soles from Country C . The question arises: which country is the origin? If the assembly in Country B significantly changes the product (e.g., cutting, stitching, and finishing the shoes), Country B may be considered the origin under the substantial transformation rule. If the value added in Country B meets the required threshold, this further supports Country B as the origin. However, if the rules specify that the origin must be where the leather was tanned ( Country A ) or where the soles were manufactured ( Country C ), the determination could differ. This example highlights the importance of understanding specific legal rules and consulting trade experts to ensure accurate origin claims. Shoe assembly line showing production process Practical Recommendations for Businesses To navigate the legal aspects of origin effectively, businesses should adopt the following best practices: Conduct a Thorough Origin Analysis: Review the production process and materials to determine the correct origin under applicable rules. Maintain Detailed Documentation: Keep records of sourcing, manufacturing steps, and value added to support origin claims. Stay Updated on Trade Agreements: Monitor changes in trade policies and agreements that may affect origin rules. Train Staff and Partners: Ensure that employees and supply chain partners understand origin requirements and compliance procedures. Use Legal Expertise: Consult with trade law professionals to interpret complex rules and resolve disputes. By implementing these steps, companies can reduce risks, optimize tariff benefits, and build trust with customers through transparent labeling. The Impact of Origin on Consumer Perception and Market Access Beyond legal compliance, the origin of a product i nfluences consumer behavior and market access . Many consumers associate certain countries with quality, craftsmanship, or ethical standards. For example, " Made in Italy " might evoke luxury and style, while " Made in Germany " may suggest engineering excellence. From a market access perspective, some countries restrict imports based on origin for political or economic reasons. Sanctions, embargoes, or anti-dumping measures often target products from specific countries. Accurate origin determination helps businesses avoid prohibited markets and comply with international sanctions. Moreover, origin labeling can be a marketing tool. Transparent and truthful origin information can enhance brand reputation and customer loyalty. Navigating Disputes and Enforcement Disputes over origin claims can arise between importers, exporters, and customs authorities. Common issues include: Incorrect or misleading origin labels. Disagreements over the substantial transformation criteria. Challenges in proving compliance with value-added requirements. Enforcement agencies may conduct audits, request documentation, or impose penalties for violations. To mitigate these risks, companies should: Perform internal audits of origin compliance. Respond promptly to customs inquiries. Engage legal counsel when disputes arise. Consider alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. Understanding the enforcement landscape helps businesses prepare for potential challenges and protect their interests. Final Thoughts on Legal Aspects of Origin The legal aspects of origin are a critical component of international trade. They affect tariffs, compliance, consumer trust, and market access. By understanding the rules and maintaining rigorous documentation, businesses can navigate this complex area with confidence. For more detailed information on the country of origin and its legal implications, consulting specialized resources and legal experts is highly recommended. Staying informed and proactive ensures that your business remains competitive and compliant in the global marketplace. Resource Library Learn more about Trade Law. We have a series of articles highlighting the key components of international trade and compliance. Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.

Why Prices Keep Rising: Tariffs, Stacked Costs, and the New Reality for Consumers Michelle Schulz explains how baseline tariffs and stacked duties are driving higher prices—from holiday gifts to cars. In a recent interview on KMOX Radio in St. Louis, Michelle Schulz , founder and managing partner of Schulz Trade Law , joined hosts to explain why consumers are paying more across nearly every product category. From holiday shopping to electronics and automobiles, Michelle outlined how broad-based tariffs —many of which apply regardless of country of origin— are quietly reshaping prices and leaving consumers with fewer goods for more money. December 23, 2025 KMOX Radio St. Louis Hosts: The Chris and Amy Show Baseline Tariffs and Why Everything Costs More Michelle explained that today’s price increases aren’t limited to a handful of imports or countries. Instead, nearly all imported goods are now subject to a baseline tariff—often starting at 10%—with no minimum value threshold. “Imported items have really resulted in hyped-up prices… there’s no minimum, so it doesn’t matter what you’re buying—it might be subject to a tariff.”  Even when individual tariffs are paused or adjusted, importers must price goods based on risk and uncertainty. As a result, consumers see higher prices regardless of whether a specific tariff is currently active. Which Products Are Being Hit the Hardest Certain categories have seen especially sharp increases. Kitchen goods, electronics, clothing, and shoes are among the most affected, with tariffs stacking on top of one another depending on product components and materials. “Kitchen goods are up about 38%, electronics about 34%, and clothes and shoes are going up at least 20%.”  Michelle noted that electronics often face multiple layers of duties—base tariffs plus additional tariffs on metals like aluminum, steel, and copper—compounding costs long before products reach store shelves. These increases are already showing up in major consumer purchases such as gaming consoles, appliances, and household electronics. Confusion, Classification, and Why Prices Rarely Come Back Down One challenge for both businesses and consumers is that tariffs are rarely itemized at checkout. Many companies fold tariff costs into pricing without disclosing them, making it difficult to track what’s driving increases. “There are different tariffs by product… every product is categorized by a Harmonized Tariff code, and tariffs can stack upon each other.”  Michelle also addressed whether prices are likely to fall. While some consumers hope reduced demand will force price corrections, she sees a different pattern emerging. “People are spending more, but they’re just coming away with less.”  Meaningful relief, she noted, would likely require court intervention—specifically a ruling by the Supreme Court of the United States on the legality of the broad emergency-based tariffs currently in place. Beyond Retail: Cars, Equipment, and Long-Term Impact Tariffs aren’t just affecting consumer goods. Michelle highlighted rising vehicle prices, increased scrutiny at customs, and reduced demand for new agricultural and industrial equipment. “Tariffs are directly impacting the price of cars… people don’t want the new ones—they want the old, cheaper ones.”  As costs rise, businesses and consumers alike are delaying purchases, repairing older equipment, and adjusting expectations—signals of longer-term economic distortion rather than short-term price spikes. Tariffs are no longer an abstract trade issue —they affect pricing, purchasing power, and business planning across the economy. If your company imports goods and needs clarity on tariff exposure, classification, or cost-reduction strategies, Schulz Trade Law can help you navigate today’s trade landscape with precision and foresight. Trade on, but trade informed! Subscribe to Schulz Trade Law for more updates. About Us We are a dedicated team of trade law professionals, committed to helping businesses navigate the complexities of international regulations and tariffs. With deep industry knowledge and a client-first approach, we provide clear, actionable insights to protect your interests and drive success in a dynamic global market. Contact Us Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.

When dealing with international trade, imports, exports, or product labeling, understanding the origin country legal definition is crucial. This concept affects tariffs, customs duties, consumer protection, and compliance with trade agreements. In this article, we will explore the legal framework surrounding the origin country, clarify its meaning, and provide practical examples and recommendations to help businesses and individuals navigate this complex area. Schulz Trade Law offers Country of Origin services. What Does Origin Country Legal Definition Mean? The origin country legal definition refers to the official criteria used to determine the country where a product was manufactured, produced, or substantially transformed. This definition is essential for customs authorities, importers, exporters, and regulators to apply the correct tariffs, enforce trade policies, and ensure transparency for consumers. Legal definitions of origin vary depending on the jurisdiction and the specific trade agreement or regulation involved. For example, the World Trade Organization (WTO) provides general guidelines, but individual countries may have their own rules. The origin can be based on: The place where the product was wholly obtained or produced. The country where the last substantial transformation occurred. Specific value-added thresholds or manufacturing processes. Understanding these criteria helps businesses avoid penalties, reduce costs, and maintain compliance with international trade laws. Key Legal Considerations in Determining Origin Country Several legal aspects influence how the origin country is determined and applied in practice. These include: 1. Tariff Classification and Duties The origin country affects the tariffs imposed on imported goods. Products from countries with free trade agreements (FTAs) may benefit from reduced or zero tariffs. Conversely, goods from countries without such agreements might face higher duties. 2. Labeling and Consumer Protection Many countries require products to be labeled with their origin to inform consumers. Mislabeling can lead to fines, recalls, or damage to brand reputation. 3. Trade Agreements and Preferential Treatment Trade agreements often include specific rules of origin to qualify for preferential treatment. These rules define how much of a product must be made in a particular country to benefit from reduced tariffs. 4. Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures Origin determination is critical in applying anti-dumping duties or countervailing measures to protect domestic industries from unfair competition. 5. Intellectual Property and Geographical Indications Certain products, like wines or cheeses, have protected geographical indications tied to their origin, which must be respected legally. Understanding these legal considerations helps businesses plan their supply chains and marketing strategies effectively. What is an example of country of origin ? To illustrate, consider a pair of shoes assembled in Vietnam using leather sourced from Italy and rubber soles made in China. Determining the origin country depends on the applicable legal rules: If the last substantial transformation is assembly, Vietnam may be considered the origin. If the value added in Vietnam is minimal, the origin might be Italy or China, depending on the component's significance. Under certain trade agreements, specific manufacturing steps or value thresholds must be met for Vietnam to qualify as the origin. This example shows how complex origin determination can be and why understanding the legal definition is vital for compliance and cost management. Practical Recommendations for Businesses Navigating the legal aspects of origin country requires careful attention and proactive measures. Here are some actionable tips: Consult Legal Experts Engage trade law specialists to interpret origin rules relevant to your products and markets. Maintain Detailed Documentation Keep records of manufacturing processes, sourcing, and value added to support origin claims. Understand Trade Agreements Study the rules of origin in applicable FTAs to maximize tariff benefits. Train Staff Educate your supply chain and compliance teams on origin requirements and labeling standards. Use Technology Implement software solutions to track product components and origin data efficiently. Regularly Review Compliance Monitor changes in trade laws and update your practices accordingly. By following these steps, businesses can reduce risks, optimize costs, and build trust with customers and regulators. Navigating the Complexities of Country of Origin in International Trade The concept of country of origin is more than just a label on a product. It carries significant legal weight that impacts tariffs, trade policies, and consumer rights. Understanding the origin country legal definition helps businesses comply with regulations, benefit from trade agreements, and avoid costly disputes. Whether you are importing electronics, exporting textiles, or labeling food products, knowing how to determine and document the origin country is essential. Stay informed, seek expert advice, and implement robust compliance systems to navigate this complex but critical aspect of global commerce successfully. Resource Library Learn more about Trade Law. We have a series of articles highlighting the key components of international trade and compliance. Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.