Tariff Refund Lawsuits, Supreme Court Uncertainty, and What Importers Should Do Now Michelle Schulz explains the latest tariff litigation and why timing matters for billions in potential refunds. In a recent interview on KXYL Radio in Brownwood–Coleman, Texas, Michelle Schulz , founder and managing partner of Schulz Trade Law , unpacked a rapidly developing legal battle over U.S. tariffs. With major retailers seeking to preserve their rights to refunds—and courts signaling potential skepticism toward the legality of sweeping tariffs—importers are facing both risk and opportunity. Michelle broke down what the recent court rulings mean, why refunds may still be possible , and how companies should prepare now. December 18, 2025 KXYL Radio Brownwood/Coleman, Texas Hosts: Celinda Hawkins and J.R. Williams Why Companies Sued Over Tariffs —and Why the Court Said No Michelle explained that a group of major importers recently filed suit in the U.S. Court of International Trade, asking for an injunction to stop U.S. Customs from finalizing tariff calculations—a process known as liquidation . Their goal was simple: preserve the ability to receive refunds quickly if the tariffs are later ruled unlawful. The court denied that request. While companies can still pursue refunds, the ruling means Customs will continue finalizing duties, forcing importers into a longer, more complex refund process if the tariffs are overturned. “Not even close—this would be massive compared to prior tariff actions, because it applies to virtually any product and almost any country.”  Supreme Court Review and the $130 Billion Question According to Michelle, the stakes are enormous. A recent Department of Justice filing indicated that roughly $130 billion  in tariffs has already been collected. If the Supreme Court of the United States ultimately finds the tariffs unlawful—as some legal observers expect—importers will need to file formal protests and refund requests after the fact. That process can take months or even years. Michelle noted that while the lawsuits aimed to speed things up, their denial may actually slow the return of funds across the board. “If the Supreme Court decides that these tariffs are unlawful, importers who have paid billions altogether in tariffs are going to have to go back through an entire process to protest and request refunds.”  What Importers Can Do Right Now Despite the uncertainty, Michelle emphasized that businesses are not powerless. Her firm is actively reviewing how clients classify and value their imports—areas where technical errors can quietly cost companies millions. In one case, correcting valuation methodology alone resulted in substantial duty savings. Whether or not the tariffs are struck down, careful compliance, proper valuation, and strategic planning can significantly reduce exposure and improve cash flow. Tariff uncertainty isn’t just a policy issue—it’s a financial one. If your company imports goods and is concerned about overpaid duties, delayed refunds, or compliance risk, now is the time to act. Schulz Trade Law helps importers prepare for refunds, reduce tariff exposure, and navigate complex trade regulations with confidence. Trade on, but trade informed! Subscribe to Schulz Trade Law for more updates. About Us We are a dedicated team of trade law professionals, committed to helping businesses navigate the complexities of international regulations and tariffs. With deep industry knowledge and a client-first approach, we provide clear, actionable insights to protect your interests and drive success in a dynamic global market. Contact Us Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.

Tariffs Are Shrinking Holiday Shopping Lists Michelle Schulz discusses rising consumer costs on KCBS Radio As the holiday season approaches, many consumers are discovering that their shopping lists are shorter than usual—not by choice, but by necessity. In a recent KCBS Radio  segment, Michelle Schulz , founder and managing partner of Schulz Trade Law, explained how tariffs are playing a major role in driving up prices on everyday goods, particularly during peak gift-buying season. According to Michelle, importers across the country are feeling the pressure as tariffs add anywhere from 10% to as much as 38% to certain product categories. These added costs don’t stay at the border—they move through the supply chain and ultimately land with businesses and consumers alike. December 16, 2025 KCBS Radio San Francisco Reporter: Cathy Whitman Which Products Are Most Affected? Michelle highlighted several categories that are seeing especially sharp increases, including electronics, clothing, shoes, and toys. Footwear vendors, in particular, are struggling to maintain margins, as higher import costs make it difficult to price products at levels consumers can afford. Toys are also heavily impacted, with any toy imported from China subject to increased tariffs—and even toys from Europe now facing tariffs around 15%. Why China Matters So Much Most toys, electronics, and holiday decorations sold in the United States are manufactured in China. That concentration means tariff changes disproportionately affect seasonal goods. While some larger companies may be able to adjust by shifting suppliers or sourcing components from different countries, many small and mid-sized importers lack the flexibility to make those changes quickly. What This Means for Businesses and Consumers The result is a squeeze felt on both sides of the counter: businesses absorb what costs they can, and consumers pay more—or buy less. As Michelle noted, tariffs are no longer a narrow trade issue ; they are shaping purchasing behavior and business strategy nationwide. Understanding how tariffs apply to your products is essential for managing risk and staying competitive. Schulz Trade Law works with importers to navigate complex trade regulations and identify compliant strategies to mitigate tariff exposure. If rising import costs impact your business, contact Schulz Trade Law to learn how we can help you plan ahead. Trade on, but trade informed! Subscribe to Schulz Trade Law for more updates. About Us We are a dedicated team of trade law professionals, committed to helping businesses navigate the complexities of international regulations and tariffs. With deep industry knowledge and a client-first approach, we provide clear, actionable insights to protect your interests and drive success in a dynamic global market. Contact Us Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.

Tariffs, Toys, and the Real Cost to Consumers Why Your Holiday Shopping Costs More: Michelle Schulz on Tariffs and Trade Policy Trade attorney Michelle Schulz , founder of Schulz Trade Law, explains how tariffs are quietly reshaping prices on everything from toys to electronics. December 16, 2025 Wisconsin's Afternoon News WTMJ Radio, Milwaukee Host:  Julia Fello In a recent radio interview on WTMJ in Milwaukee, Michelle Schulz , founder and managing partner of Schulz Trade Law , joined hosts to discuss a question many consumers are asking this season: Why does everything cost more?   Drawing on her experience advising importers and manufacturers across industries, Michelle broke down how current U.S. tariff policy—particularly broad-based duties affecting imports from China and other countries—is driving up prices on everyday goods, with ripple effects felt by businesses and consumers alike. Why Holiday Gifts Are Getting More Expensive Michelle explained that tariffs are significantly increasing the cost of commonly imported goods, including toys, electronics, clothing, furniture, and household items. Many products are now subject to a baseline tariff of at least 10%, with additional duties layered on depending on the product category. For example, clothing prices are up roughly 20% on average, while toys have seen increases closer to 17%—costs that ultimately land on consumers’ checkout receipts. Why China Remains at the Center of the Tariff Conversation The interview highlighted that the vast majority of toys and holiday decorations are still manufactured in China. While some higher tariffs have been temporarily paused, numerous others—such as steel and aluminum tariffs—remain in effect. According to Michelle, this “across-the-board” approach is far more impactful than the more targeted measures seen during earlier trade disputes, intensifying pressure on companies that rely on Chinese manufacturing and deepening trade tensions overall. “Anything from China or any other country is going to have at least a 10% baseline tariff, and then you add others on top of that.” Are Any Industries Spared? Not Really. While no sector is truly immune, Michelle noted that some large pharmaceutical companies have managed to reduce tariff exposure by investing in U.S.-based manufacturing. These strategic moves can sometimes influence trade outcomes—but smaller companies often lack the capital to pivot in the same way. As a result, tariffs disproportionately affect small and mid-sized businesses, increasing costs and, in some cases, threatening their long-term viability. “It has been vastly more impactful on companies, and all the way down to the consumer.” Tariffs are not just a policy issue —they are a business reality. If your company imports goods, sources materials globally, or is facing rising costs tied to trade regulations, Schulz Trade Law can help you understand your exposure and identify compliant strategies to reduce risk. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and protect your bottom line. Trade on, but trade informed! Subscribe to Schulz Trade Law for more updates. About Us We are a dedicated team of trade law professionals, committed to helping businesses navigate the complexities of international regulations and tariffs. With deep industry knowledge and a client-first approach, we provide clear, actionable insights to protect your interests and drive success in a dynamic global market. Contact Us Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.

Tariffs, Refund Races, and the Growing Cost of Trade Uncertainty Michelle Schulz breaks down refund lawsuits, Supreme Court risk, and why tariffs aren’t delivering their promised results. In a wide-ranging interview on WLW Radio ’s Scott Sloan Show, Michelle Schulz , founder and managing partner of Schulz Trade Law, discussed the growing legal and economic fallout from U.S. tariff policy. With billions of dollars already collected, major companies racing to secure refund rights, and farmers and importers absorbing long-term damage, Michelle explained why the current tariff regime is creating uncertainty rather than leverage—and what businesses should be doing now. December 17, 2025 WLW Radio Cincinnati Hosts: Scott Sloan The Race for Refunds and a Legal Bottleneck As tariffs continue to generate massive revenue, large companies such as Costco, Revlon, and Ray-Ban have moved quickly to preserve their ability to receive refunds if the tariffs are ultimately struck down. These companies sought to block U.S. Customs from finalizing duty calculations—known as liquidation—to speed up repayment. That effort failed. The U.S. Court of International Trade denied a consolidated motion to delay liquidation, setting the stage for a much longer refund process if the tariffs are overturned. “If all that has to be refunded, then it does have to be refunded—but we’re going to have to go through a long process to get that money back.” Michelle warned that even if refunds are legally required, administrative reality means companies could wait months or years to recover billions already paid. Supreme Court Uncertainty and a $130 Billion Problem The potential scale of refunds is unprecedented. According to filings referenced in the interview, roughly $130 billion  in tariffs has already been collected—and that number continues to grow. Michelle noted that while the Supreme Court of the United States initially expressed skepticism about the legality of these tariffs, the outcome is no longer predictable. “In the beginning, I thought it was pretty likely the Supreme Court would strike them down… but the more I read and follow the government’s reactions, I think it could go either way.”  If the Court invalidates the tariffs after liquidation occurs, importers will still be entitled to refunds—but only through a formal protest process that Customs is historically slow to administer. Why Tariffs Aren’t Working —and Who’s Paying the Price Michelle also addressed whether tariffs are achieving their stated goals, particularly with respect to China. The data suggests otherwise: China’s trade surplus continues to grow as it expands exports to other regions, while U.S. importers and farmers absorb higher costs and retaliatory losses. “Relative to China, we can see that the tariffs really aren’t having the intended effect… China seems to be fine.”  Farmers face a double burden: higher import costs for equipment and lost export markets due to retaliation. Subsidy checks, Michelle noted, do little to offset structural damage or restore lost demand. At the same time, U.S. companies are increasingly viewed as unreliable trading partners, as sudden tariffs, price renegotiations, and policy reversals undermine long-term relationships abroad. What Importers Can Do Now Despite the uncertainty, Michelle emphasized that businesses still have meaningful opportunities to reduce exposure. Reviewing tariff classifications, country-of-origin determinations, and—especially—customs valuation can uncover significant overpayments. “We’ve had importers overpaying because they were overvaluing their goods… sometimes it’s a technicality, but that technicality matters.” Tariff uncertainty isn’t going away—but overpayment doesn’t have to be inevitable. If your company imports goods and is concerned about duties, refunds, or compliance risk, Schulz Trade Law can help you identify savings, prepare for potential refunds, and navigate trade complexity with confidence. Trade on, but trade informed! Subscribe to Schulz Trade Law for more updates. About Us We are a dedicated team of trade law professionals, committed to helping businesses navigate the complexities of international regulations and tariffs. With deep industry knowledge and a client-first approach, we provide clear, actionable insights to protect your interests and drive success in a dynamic global market. Contact Us Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.

Export controls shape how businesses move goods across borders, affecting global trade and compliance efforts. One key element in this system is the Commodity Classification Automated Tracking System , or CCATS . This system plays a crucial role in how US export controls are applied, influencing how companies classify and track their products for international trade. Understanding CCATS helps businesses avoid costly mistakes and stay competitive in a complex regulatory environment. Schulz Trade Law actively works to help businesses with CCATS . CCATS system interface showing commodity classification data What Is CCATS and Why Does It Matter? CCATS is a formal classification issued by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) under the US Department of Commerce. When a business plans to export goods, it can request a CCATS number to determine the Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) for those goods. This classification identifies the level of control and licensing requirements for the product. The CCATS process helps businesses: Understand export restrictions on specific goods Determine if a license is required for export Ensure compliance with US export regulations Without a proper CCATS classification, companies risk shipping goods that violate export laws, leading to fines, shipment delays, or even loss of export privileges. How CCATS Impacts Businesses in Practice For businesses involved in global trade, CCATS affects several key areas: Compliance and Risk Management Companies must track the classification of their goods carefully. For example, a manufacturer of electronic components might submit a CCATS request to BIS to clarify if their product falls under controlled technology. This classification then guides how the product can be exported, including which countries require licenses. Failing to maintain accurate CCATS information can result in: Exporting controlled goods without a license Delays in customs clearance Penalties for non-compliance Streamlining Export Processes Having a CCATS number simplifies export documentation. Customs brokers and freight forwarders rely on the ECCN linked to CCATS to process shipments efficiently. This tracking reduces the risk of errors in paperwork and speeds up international trade. Example: A Tech Company’s CCATS Journey A US-based tech company developing advanced sensors submitted a CCATS request to BIS. The classification confirmed the sensors required a license for export to certain countries. By knowing this early, the company adjusted its sales strategy, avoided illegal exports, and maintained smooth import/export operations. Shipping containers stacked at a major international port Common Pitfalls in CCATS and How to Avoid Them Despite its benefits, businesses often face challenges with CCATS: Incomplete or inaccurate submissions: Providing unclear product descriptions or missing technical details can delay classification. Assuming classifications remain static: Changes in product design or regulations may require updated CCATS requests. Ignoring reclassification needs: Export controls evolve, and goods may shift categories, requiring businesses to track and update their CCATS status. To avoid these pitfalls, companies should: Maintain detailed product documentation Regularly review export control regulations Engage compliance experts to manage CCATS requests What to Watch for in the Future of CCATS and Export Controls The global trade environment is evolving, and so is the CCATS process. Businesses should prepare for: Increased automation and digital tracking: BIS is moving toward more automated systems to speed up classification and improve tracking accuracy. Expanded scope of controlled goods: Emerging technologies like AI, quantum computing, and advanced materials may face tighter export controls. Greater international coordination: Harmonizing export controls with allies will affect how CCATS classifications apply in global trade. Staying active in CCATS means regularly updating classifications and monitoring regulatory changes. This proactive approach helps businesses avoid compliance risks and adapt quickly to new export control landscapes. Logistics manager examining export compliance paperwork Why Businesses Must Stay Active in CCATS Remaining engaged with CCATS is not just about avoiding penalties. It supports: Efficient tracking of goods through the export process Clear understanding of licensing requirements Better planning for international sales and distribution Stronger compliance culture within the company Ignoring CCATS or treating it as a one-time task can lead to costly disruptions. Instead, businesses should integrate CCATS management into their ongoing compliance and export strategies. Resource Library Learn more about Trade Law. We have a series of articles highlighting the key components of international trade and compliance. Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.

Free trade has become a cornerstone of modern economic policy, shaping how countries interact and exchange goods and services. Over the past few decades, nations have increasingly entered into agreements to reduce tariffs, eliminate trade barriers, and foster economic cooperation. These agreements play a vital role in promoting global trade, encouraging investment, and boosting economic growth. This article explores the landscape of free trade agreements worldwide, highlighting key examples, their benefits, challenges, and future trends. Global trade at an international shipping port Understanding Global Trade and Its Importance Global trade refers to the exchange of goods and services across international borders. It allows countries to specialize in producing what they do best, leading to increased efficiency and access to a wider variety of products for consumers. The growth of global trade has been facilitated by technological advancements, improved transportation, and the establishment of trade agreements. Trade agreements are formal arrangements between countries that set the rules for trade. They can be bilateral (between two countries), regional (among several countries in a region), or multilateral (involving many countries globally). These agreements aim to reduce tariffs, quotas, and other trade barriers, making it easier and cheaper to trade. The importance of global trade lies in its ability to: Enhance economic growth  by opening new markets. Create jobs  in export-oriented industries. Increase consumer choice  and lower prices. Promote innovation  through competition. Strengthen diplomatic relations  between countries. Key Types of Trade Agreements Shaping Global Trade Trade agreements vary in scope and depth. Understanding the main types helps clarify how they influence global commerce. Bilateral Trade Agreements These involve two countries agreeing to reduce trade barriers between them. Bilateral agreements are often easier to negotiate and implement. For example, the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) replaced NAFTA and modernized trade rules between these North American neighbors. Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) RTAs include multiple countries within a geographic region. The European Union (EU) is a prime example, functioning as a single market with free movement of goods, services, capital, and people among member states. Another example is the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Free Trade Area, which promotes trade among Southeast Asian countries. Multilateral Trade Agreements These involve many countries and are usually negotiated under the auspices of international organizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO’s agreements set global trade rules and provide a platform for resolving disputes. Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) PTAs grant preferential access to certain products from participating countries by reducing tariffs but do not eliminate them entirely. These agreements often serve as stepping stones toward deeper trade integration. Major Free Trade Agreements Around the World Several landmark agreements have shaped the current global trade environment. Here are some of the most influential: North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) / USMCA Originally signed in 1994, NAFTA created one of the world’s largest free trade zones between the US, Canada, and Mexico. It eliminated most tariffs and facilitated cross-border investment. In 2020, it was replaced by the USMCA, which updated provisions on digital trade, labor rights, and environmental standards. European Union Single Market The EU’s single market is one of the most integrated trade blocs globally. It allows goods, services, capital, and people to move freely among member states. The EU also negotiates trade agreements with other countries, such as the EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement. Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) This agreement includes 11 countries across the Asia-Pacific region, including Japan, Canada, and Australia. It aims to reduce tariffs and establish common standards on labor, environment, and intellectual property. Mercosur Mercosur is a South American trade bloc comprising Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. It promotes free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency among member countries. African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Launched in 2021, AfCFTA is the largest free trade area by number of countries, aiming to create a single market for goods and services across Africa. It seeks to boost intra-African trade and economic integration. Cargo ships at a global trade port facilitating international trade Benefits and Challenges of Free Trade Agreements Benefits Market Access : Companies gain access to new markets, increasing sales opportunities. Lower Costs : Reduced tariffs and streamlined customs procedures lower costs for businesses and consumers. Investment Growth : Trade agreements often encourage foreign direct investment by providing a stable and predictable environment. Economic Growth : Increased trade can stimulate economic growth and job creation. Improved Standards : Many agreements include provisions on labor rights, environmental protection, and intellectual property. Challenges Unequal Gains : Benefits may not be evenly distributed, with some sectors or regions losing out. Sovereignty Concerns : Countries may worry about losing control over regulations and policies. Adjustment Costs : Industries facing increased competition may need time and support to adapt. Complex Negotiations : Reaching consensus among multiple countries can be difficult and time-consuming. Trade Disputes : Disagreements over interpretation or implementation can lead to conflicts. How Businesses Can Leverage Free Trade Agreements Businesses looking to expand internationally should understand how to use trade agreements to their advantage. Here are some practical recommendations: Research Applicable Agreements : Identify which agreements cover your target markets and what benefits they offer. Understand Rules of Origin : These rules determine whether a product qualifies for preferential treatment under an agreement. Comply with Standards : Ensure products meet the technical, safety, and labeling standards required. Use Trade Facilitation Measures : Take advantage of simplified customs procedures and reduced documentation. Monitor Changes : Stay updated on new agreements or amendments that could affect your trade operations. Seek Expert Advice : Consult trade lawyers or advisors to navigate complex regulations and maximize benefits. The Future of Global Trade Agreements The landscape of global trade agreements continues to evolve. Emerging trends include: Digital Trade Provisions : Agreements increasingly address e-commerce, data flows, and cybersecurity. Sustainability Focus : Environmental and labor standards are becoming integral parts of trade deals. Regional Integration : New regional blocs and partnerships are forming, especially in Asia and Africa. Trade and Technology : Issues like intellectual property rights and technology transfer are gaining prominence. Geopolitical Shifts : Trade agreements are influenced by changing geopolitical alliances and tensions. Countries and businesses must remain agile and informed to navigate this dynamic environment successfully. Navigating the Complex World of Trade Agreements Understanding the nuances of free trade agreements is essential for anyone involved in international commerce. These agreements provide frameworks that can open doors to new markets and opportunities. However, they also require careful navigation to comply with rules and maximize benefits. For those interested in learning more about free trade agreements , exploring expert resources and legal advice can provide valuable insights. By staying informed and proactive, businesses and policymakers can harness the power of global trade to drive growth and prosperity. This condensed overview highlights the critical role of trade agreements in shaping the global economy. As the world becomes more interconnected, understanding these agreements will remain a key factor in successful international trade strategies. Resource Library Learn more about Trade Law. We have a series of articles highlighting the key components of international trade and compliance. Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business. Contact Us

Holiday Spending Hits Records — But Consumers Are Taking Home Less Michelle Schulz Explains Why Tariffs Are Driving Up Prices Trade attorney Michelle Schulz breaks down how tariffs on more than 70 countries, shifting rules, and the end of the de minimis threshold are pushing up holiday spending prices on toys, clothing, decorations—and even small online orders. December 3, 2025 Inside Sources, KSL Radio Salt Lake City, Utah Host:  Holly Richardson Record Spending, Smaller Shopping Carts On KSL Radio , hosts opened with a surprising contrast: despite record-breaking Black Friday and Cyber Monday numbers, shoppers are bringing home fewer goods . Prices rose faster than spending — and international trade attorney Michelle Schulz  explained why. “We’ve got tariffs on over 65 countries — I’m thinking it’s over 70 now,” Schulz said. “The tariffs impact a wide variety of industries… and clients who are importers are really struggling to deal with them and either cover the cost or pass it along to their buyers.”  Even though consumers feel like everything is “on sale,” the data shows the opposite: shopping carts are smaller and price tags are higher — a direct consequence of multiple layers of tariffs now baked into supply chain costs. Toys, Textiles, and Christmas Decorations Are All Going Up When asked which holiday goods are being hit hardest, Schulz was clear: “Toys are up there — also clothing and textiles… fashion items have always been subject to slightly high tariffs, but it’s more now,” she explained. “People are buying less. They’re paying more, but they’re buying less.”  Even Christmas decorations — almost all imported from China — are more expensive this year. Adding to the complexity, companies must track which tariffs apply to which components . Is it the metal? The fabric? The finished good? Schulz said the rapid changes are causing unavoidable errors: “We’re seeing a lot of mistakes, and I can’t blame them — it’s changing all the time, and it’s difficult to understand how they stack.”  Free Trade Agreements vs. Penalties — and the End of the $800 Rule The conversation turned to the USMCA  agreement. Schulz noted that for some businesses, it has been the only thing saving them: “I had a client tell me yesterday that the U.S.–Mexico–Canada Free Trade Agreement saved their year,” she said. “If they hadn’t qualified, they wouldn’t have been able to handle the tariffs.”  But not everything qualifies — and attempts to “route” goods through Mexico or Canada without meeting origin rules can backfire. “That turns into a major problem with customs… and can result in penalties. Transshipments are currently subject to 40% penalties.”  Perhaps the most universal change: The $800 de minimis exemption is effectively gone. “There’s no $800 threshold anymore,” Schulz warned. “Even low-dollar items are subject to tariffs now… You may see the tariff in your cart, or you may be surprised afterwards.”  Whether you’re importing bulk goods or ordering a $20 toy from overseas, untaxed imports are no longer the norm — and it’s catching consumers off guard. Tariffs now touch nearly every category of holiday shopping—from toys to textiles to small online orders—and the rules continue shifting. If your business imports goods of any kind, contact Schulz Trade Law today  to review classification strategies, avoid penalties, and manage rising tariff exposure during the busiest retail season of the year. Trade on, but trade informed! Subscribe to Schulz Trade Law for more updates. About Us We are a dedicated team of trade law professionals, committed to helping businesses navigate the complexities of international regulations and tariffs. With deep industry knowledge and a client-first approach, we provide clear, actionable insights to protect your interests and drive success in a dynamic global market. Contact Us Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.

Consumers Are Feeling the Squeeze Michelle Schulz on Tariffs, Fashion Prices, and the Supreme Court’s Pending Ruling Trade attorney Michelle Schulz explains why apparel, electronics, and everyday imports are getting more expensive — and how a Supreme Court decision could trigger billions in refunds. December 2, 2025 POTUS Politics SiriusXM, Channel 124 Host:  Tim Farley "Companies Are No Longer Able to Absorb the Difference” In her latest appearance on SiriusXM POTUS Politics , trade attorney Michelle Schulz  said consumers are now directly experiencing the impact of the current tariff regime. Businesses that once buffered the costs are out of room. “It has been significant,” she told host Tim Farley. “Companies are no longer able to absorb the difference, and the tariffs are really increasing prices. Consumers are seeing this, and they’re complaining about it.”  Schulz highlighted one especially painful shift: the loss of the old $800 de minimis threshold , which once allowed low-value items to enter the U.S. duty-free. “We used to be able to import items under $800 and we can’t do that anymore,”  she said, noting that the effect has hit fast-fashion, shoes, and electronics particularly hard. A Fashion Industry Bracing for 2026 — and Small Businesses Already Breaking Farley pointed out that the global fashion sector expects 2026 to be a very difficult year. Schulz agreed — and stressed that small U.S. importers are already in crisis. “For the most part… companies are hoping desperately that something will change,” she said. “Small businesses in apparel, footwear, other kinds of fashion are not going to be able to stay in business. We are trying to help them stay in business, but there is only so much you can do when the tariffs are a huge percentage of the import price.”  Even large companies with international footprints can only hold out so long. The industry is effectively waiting on the Supreme Court — and running out of time. The Supreme Court Decision Could Trigger Refunds — But No Quick Fix As the Supreme Court prepares to rule on whether President Trump exceeded his authority under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) , Schulz said the stakes are enormous. If the justices find the tariffs unlawful, “there will have to be a refund option,”  she said. “ Importers should be following what they’re paying and tracking their expenses… Customs should be providing refunds. It’s not quick — they’re not quick to return money — but it can be done.”  She also noted that the recent federal shutdown caused delays in seizures, inspections, and protests — all of which hit importers with storage fees and carrying costs. “The time ends up taking money,”  she said. But even a ruling against the administration won’t solve supply chain challenges overnight. As Schulz reminded listeners: “Overall, there’s no easy way to manage this as a company.” With consumer prices rising and the Supreme Court’s decision imminent, importers must prepare for both outcomes: relief in the form of refunds or continued tariff pressure. If your business imports apparel, electronics, or other consumer goods, contact Schulz Trade Law today   to audit your tariff exposure, review refund eligibility, and build a compliance plan that protects your bottom line. Trade on, but trade informed! Subscribe to Schulz Trade Law for more updates. About Us We are a dedicated team of trade law professionals, committed to helping businesses navigate the complexities of international regulations and tariffs. With deep industry knowledge and a client-first approach, we provide clear, actionable insights to protect your interests and drive success in a dynamic global market. Contact Us Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.

Tariffs on Toys and Trucks: Michelle Schulz Explains Why Holiday Prices Keep Rising Trade attorney Michelle Schulz joins SiriusXM’s Road Dog Trucking to unpack how shifting tariffs are driving up costs for toys, furniture, and freight—and what that means for consumers and the trucking industry heading into 2026. November 26, 2025 Road Dog Trucking SiriusXM, Channel 146 Host:  Mark Willis A Pricier Christmas Ahead With Thanksgiving around the corner, trade attorney Michelle Schulz , founder of Schulz Trade Law in Dallas, joined Road Dog Trucking News  to discuss how tariffs are shaping holiday spending. She said consumers can expect to pay noticeably more for gifts this year. “Yes, I would say absolutely—you’re looking at over $100 more on average, and it will continue to rise,” Schulz explained. “Although some tariffs have been dialed back, and we have trade deals pending, many tariffs remain in place. They’re high one day, low the next, but still higher than normal overall.” She added that even familiar items like furniture and electronics are climbing fast. “I was just hearing yesterday from someone that buying furniture became an issue because prices are increasing weekly,” Schulz said. “The closer we get to Christmas, the farther into the tariffs we get.” Toys, Tariffs, and Sticker Shock The toy industry is being hit especially hard. “Toys can be made of all different materials subject to tariffs, and they come from countries under tariff,” Schulz noted. “We’re seeing the toy industry really struggle, with fewer imports and more expensive toys this year.” She pointed to fads like the Lab Boo Boo  plush toy—this year’s hit item—as examples of how small electronic components can push prices higher. “It’s the electronics and textiles inside these toys,” she said. “Everything depends on what’s in it, how it’s categorized, and how much it’s valued.” Even everyday products like clothing are affected. “Textiles are subject to tariffs too,” Schulz added. “Everything that comes in from overseas eventually moves on trucks, and that means these costs ripple through the whole system.” Trucking, Delays, and a Tightening Supply Chain For the trucking industry, Schulz warned that the ripple effects could be significant. “We are seeing customs seizing shipments,” she said. “They’ll detain shipments if they think you’re underpaying, and sometimes those get stuck for months. That means storage fees—thousands of dollars per month in some cases.” As tariffs expand and enforcement tightens, Schulz said she expects the slowdown to continue. “We’ve reached a deal with China holding out at 10%, but next year it’s scheduled to go up to 34%. Even with delays, these tariffs aren’t going away,” she explained. “Everything from parts to oil and gas is going to cost more—and that directly impacts trucking.” Her outlook for 2026: cautious. “We’re seeing companies hold off on investments, and even layoffs in some cases,” she said. “This isn’t stopping this year—it’s going to carry through next year. From toy manufacturers to trucking fleets, tariff volatility is reshaping every link of the supply chain. If your company imports, ships, or distributes goods affected by tariffs, contact Schulz Trade Law today  to assess your exposure, prevent costly delays, and develop strategies to navigate the year ahead. Trade on, but trade informed! Subscribe to Schulz Trade Law for more updates. About Us We are a dedicated team of trade law professionals, committed to helping businesses navigate the complexities of international regulations and tariffs. With deep industry knowledge and a client-first approach, we provide clear, actionable insights to protect your interests and drive success in a dynamic global market. Contact Us Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.

Tariffs on the Open Road Michelle Schulz Explains How Trade Policy Is Hitting Trucking, Retail, and the Holiday Season As the Supreme Court deliberates on Trump’s tariff authority, trade attorney Michelle Schulz joins SiriusXM’s Road Dog Trucking to discuss how rising duties are driving up prices, tightening inventories, and reshaping the freight economy. November 18, 2025 Road Dog Trucking SiriusXM, Channel 146 Anchor:  Mark Willis “Not So Merry” Holiday Outlook Speaking with SiriusXM’s Road Dog Trucking News , Dallas-based trade attorney Michelle Schulz  warned that the holidays will bring higher prices, fewer deals, and tighter margins across the retail sector. “I would say not so merry,” Schulz said. “Prices are going up, and I am planning on higher prices during the Christmas season. We don’t have the Supreme Court ruling on the IEEPA tariffs yet… but we’re already seeing especially high tariffs on countries like India and sectors like shoes and hats—things we buy all the time for Christmas presents.” While consumers may still celebrate, Schulz said retailers and importers are struggling. “It’s impossible for some of our clients to provide significant cost reductions in this environment,” she explained. “Buyer beware—holiday deals may not be as great this year.” Business Belt-Tightening and Industry Whiplash Beyond the holidays, Schulz warned that the ripple effects of tariffs are dampening hiring, bonuses, and capital investment. “We’re seeing companies tightening their belts, reducing their workforce, not increasing it,” she said. “In every industry—oil and gas, manufacturing, retail—there’s a combination of confusion and fear.” She added that even companies with stocked inventory are running out of cushion. “ It’s getting less and less feasible to eat the cost or negotiate cheaper prices with foreign sellers,” she explained. The uncertainty has led to hesitation in investment and production: “They’re walking on eggshells. It changes day to day, and even Customs brokers are frustrated—they’re re-evaluating tariff rates constantly, and mistakes are almost inevitable.” Trucking, Manufacturing, and the Tariff Chain The trucking industry, Schulz noted, is being hit from both sides—by reduced freight volume and by higher equipment costs. “We’ll see some trucks a little less full, or combining shipments rather than single loads,”  she said. “There are also higher tariffs on certain heavy-duty trucks, so the impact is direct." Even domestic manufacturing isn’t insulated. "Any company with metal content in its products is struggling,” Schulz explained. “We’ve had clients using metal detectors in warehouses to find whether there’s steel in something—because it could be subject to a 50% tariff.” When callers suggested that tariffs could boost U.S. manufacturing, Schulz agreed in theory but cautioned that globalization runs deep. “Manufacturing in the U.S. involves more foreign products than most people would guess,” she said. “We deal with that every day—there’s always one little part that becomes a problem.” From importers to truckers, everyone in the supply chain is feeling the tariff strain. If your company moves, sells, or manufactures goods impacted by recent tariffs, contact Schulz Trade Law today  to audit your tariff exposure, review country-of-origin classifications, and develop compliance strategies that protect your bottom line. Trade on, but trade informed! Subscribe to Schulz Trade Law for more updates. About Us We are a dedicated team of trade law professionals, committed to helping businesses navigate the complexities of international regulations and tariffs. With deep industry knowledge and a client-first approach, we provide clear, actionable insights to protect your interests and drive success in a dynamic global market. Contact Us Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.

Trade tariffs have long been a tool used by governments to protect domestic industries and influence international trade. However, in recent years, the intersection of national security and trade tariffs has gained significant attention. This blog post explores how national security concerns shape trade tariffs, the mechanisms behind these policies, and their broader implications for global commerce. Understanding National Security Tariffs National security tariffs are trade barriers imposed by governments to protect critical industries and resources deemed essential for a country's safety and defense. Unlike traditional tariffs aimed primarily at economic protectionism, these tariffs are justified on the grounds of safeguarding national interests. For example, a country might impose tariffs on steel and aluminum imports to ensure a stable domestic supply for defense manufacturing. This approach helps prevent reliance on foreign suppliers that could be disrupted during geopolitical conflicts or trade disputes. Key reasons for national security tariffs include: Protecting critical infrastructure and defense industries Ensuring supply chain resilience for essential materials Preventing foreign control over strategic sectors Responding to geopolitical threats or trade imbalances These tariffs often spark debate because they blend economic policy with national security strategy, sometimes leading to tensions with trade partners and international organizations. Steel coils stored for national defense manufacturing The Role of National Security Tariffs in Trade Policy National security tariffs serve as a strategic tool within broader trade policy frameworks. Governments use them to balance economic interests with security priorities. This balancing act can be complex, as it involves assessing risks, economic impacts, and diplomatic relations. For instance, during trade disputes, countries may invoke national security to justify tariffs that would otherwise violate international trade agreements. This tactic can protect domestic industries but may also provoke retaliatory measures. Practical implications of national security tariffs include: Supply chain diversification:   Encouraging domestic production to reduce dependency on foreign suppliers. Investment in critical sectors:   Boosting funding and innovation in industries vital to national security. Trade negotiations:   Using tariffs as leverage to achieve favorable terms or address unfair trade practices. Businesses affected by these tariffs should monitor government announcements and adjust sourcing strategies accordingly. Diversifying suppliers and investing in local capabilities can mitigate risks associated with sudden tariff changes. Cargo containers representing global trade impacted by tariffs What is Section 232? One of the most notable legal mechanisms for imposing national security tariffs in the United States is Section 232 . This provision allows the government to investigate imports that threaten national security and impose tariffs or quotas if necessary. Under Section 232, the Department of Commerce conducts investigations to determine whether imports of certain products, such as steel or aluminum, pose a risk to national security. If a threat is identified, the President can take action to restrict imports through tariffs or other trade remedies. Key features of section 232 include: Investigation process:   A thorough review of import data, domestic industry health, and security implications. Presidential authority:   The President decides on appropriate measures based on investigation findings. Scope:   Applies to products critical to defense, infrastructure, and other security-related sectors. This law has been used in recent years to impose tariffs on steel and aluminum imports, citing national security concerns. While effective in some respects, it has also led to disputes with trade partners and challenges at the World Trade Organization. Government building symbolizing national security and trade policy Balancing Economic Impact and Security Needs While national security tariffs aim to protect vital interests, they can also have significant economic consequences. Tariffs often increase costs for manufacturers relying on imported materials, potentially leading to higher prices for consumers and reduced competitiveness. To balance these effects, policymakers must carefully evaluate: Industry dependence: How reliant is the domestic economy on imported goods? Economic impact: What are the potential costs to businesses and consumers? Security benefits: How critical is the industry to national defense and infrastructure? For businesses, understanding these factors is crucial. Companies should engage with policymakers, participate in public consultations, and develop contingency plans to navigate tariff changes. Recommendations for businesses include: Conduct supply chain risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities. Explore alternative suppliers in different regions. Invest in domestic production capabilities where feasible. Stay informed on trade policy developments and legal frameworks like Section 232 . By proactively managing these challenges, businesses can reduce exposure to tariff-related disruptions and contribute to national security objectives. The Future of National Security and Trade Tariffs As global geopolitical dynamics evolve, national security tariffs are likely to remain a prominent feature of trade policy. Emerging technologies, critical minerals, and digital infrastructure are new frontiers where security concerns intersect with trade. Governments may expand the use of tariffs and other trade remedies to protect sectors such as: Semiconductor manufacturing Rare earth minerals Cybersecurity technologies Energy infrastructure At the same time, international cooperation and dialogue will be essential to manage conflicts and maintain stable trade relations. Businesses and policymakers alike must adapt to this changing landscape by fostering resilience and innovation. Key takeaways for the future: National security tariffs will continue to influence global trade patterns. Legal frameworks like section 232 provide tools for governments to act swiftly. Collaboration between public and private sectors is vital to balance security and economic growth. Staying informed and agile is critical for businesses navigating these complexities. Understanding the evolving role of national security tariffs helps stakeholders prepare for challenges and seize opportunities in a rapidly changing world. Resour Contact Us Resource Library Learn more about Trade Law. We have a series of articles highlighting the key components of international trade and compliance. Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.

Trade agreements have become a cornerstone of global commerce, shaping how countries interact economically. These agreements aim to reduce barriers, promote exports, and foster economic growth. However, they also come with challenges that require careful consideration. Here we explore the benefits and challenges of trade agreements, providing practical insights and examples to help understand their impact. International shipping port showing global trade activity Understanding Trade Agreements and Their Importance Trade agreements are formal arrangements between countries that govern the rules of trade between them. They can be bilateral, involving two countries, or multilateral, involving several nations. The primary goal is to facilitate smoother trade by reducing tariffs, import quotas, and other trade barriers. Key benefits of trade agreements include: Market Access: Companies gain easier access to foreign markets, expanding their customer base. Economic Growth: Increased trade can stimulate economic activity and job creation. Investment Opportunities: Agreements often encourage foreign direct investment by providing a stable trade environment. Consumer Benefits: Consumers enjoy a wider variety of goods at lower prices due to reduced tariffs. For example, the European Union’s single market allows member countries to trade goods and services freely, boosting economic integration and growth. The Role of Trade Agreements in the Global Economy Trade agreements play a vital role in shaping the global economy by promoting cooperation and reducing conflicts. They help countries specialize in producing goods where they have a competitive advantage, leading to more efficient resource use worldwide. Types of trade agreements include: Free Trade Agreements (FTAs): These eliminate tariffs and quotas between member countries. For instance, the free trade agreement between the US and South Korea has significantly increased trade flows. Customs Unions: Countries agree to a common external tariff on imports from non-members. Common Markets: These go beyond customs unions by allowing free movement of labor and capital. Economic Unions: These integrate economic policies and often have a shared currency. Trade agreements also encourage the adoption of international standards, making it easier for businesses to operate across borders. Global map illustrating international trade routes Is NAFTA still in effect? The North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) was a landmark trade deal between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, implemented in 1994. It aimed to eliminate most tariffs and facilitate cross-border trade in North America. However, NAFTA is no longer in effect as it was replaced by the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement ( USMCA ) on July 1, 2020. The USMCA updated and modernized many provisions of NAFTA, addressing issues such as digital trade, labor rights, and environmental standards. Key changes under USMCA include: Stricter rules of origin for automobiles to encourage manufacturing in North America. Enhanced labor protections, particularly in Mexico. New provisions on intellectual property and digital trade. Mechanisms to resolve trade disputes more effectively. The transition from NAFTA to USMCA reflects the evolving nature of trade agreements and the need to adapt to new economic realities. Challenges Faced by Trade Agreements While trade agreements offer many benefits, they also present several challenges that countries and businesses must navigate. Economic Displacement One major concern is the displacement of workers and industries that cannot compete with imports. For example, some manufacturing sectors in developed countries have declined due to competition from lower-cost producers abroad. Sovereignty Issues Trade agreements often require countries to harmonize regulations and standards, which can limit national policy autonomy. This can be controversial when agreements affect areas like environmental regulations or labor laws. Unequal Benefits Not all participants benefit equally from trade agreements. Larger economies or more competitive industries may gain more, while smaller or less developed partners may struggle to keep up. Enforcement and Compliance Ensuring that all parties comply with the terms of an agreement can be difficult. Disputes over tariffs, subsidies, or intellectual property rights sometimes lead to trade tensions. Environmental and Social Concerns Some critics argue that trade agreements prioritize economic growth over environmental protection and social welfare. Balancing these interests remains a challenge. Practical Recommendations for Businesses and Policymakers To maximize the benefits and minimize the challenges of trade agreements, consider the following strategies: For Businesses:   Stay informed about relevant trade agreements and their provisions.  Explore new markets opened by agreements to diversify sales.  Invest in innovation and efficiency to remain competitive.  Understand compliance requirements to avoid penalties. For Policymakers:  Negotiate agreements that include strong labor and environmental standards.  Provide support and retraining programs for displaced workers.  Promote transparency and stakeholder engagement during negotiations.  Establish effective dispute resolution mechanisms. By adopting these approaches, both businesses and governments can better leverage trade agreements for sustainable growth. Handshake symbolizing an international trade agreement and cooperation Looking Ahead: The Future of Trade Agreements Trade agreements will continue to evolve in response to global economic shifts, technological advances, and political changes. Emerging issues such as digital trade, data privacy, and climate change are increasingly shaping negotiations. Countries may also pursue more regional and bilateral agreements as multilateral talks face challenges. The rise of protectionism in some regions underscores the importance of carefully balancing openness with domestic interests. Ultimately, successful trade agreements require cooperation, flexibility, and a focus on inclusive benefits. Understanding both the advantages and challenges is essential for navigating the complex world of international trade. Resource Library Learn more about Trade Law. We have a series of articles highlighting the key components of international trade and compliance. Resrouces Resources Contact Us Stay ahead of trade law changes! Contact us today for guidance on tariffs and regulations to safeguard your business.